1. Myocarditis.
• The heart muscle, myocardium is sometimes subjected to an inflammatory disease called myocarditis.
• Coxsackievirus (enterovirus) is the most common cause although this disease can also be caused by bacteria, fungi, or protozoans.
• The Coxsackievirus infects the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract and reaches the heart via blood or lymph.
• In the heart, the infecting virus damages the myocardium, and leaves scar tissue.
•Myocarditis of the newborn, also caused by coxsackievirus, is often fatal.
•Sometimes pericarditis results from myocarditis.
•Sometimes pericarditis results from myocarditis.
2. Dengue fever.
• Dengue fever is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito and caused by dengue fever virus, an arbovirus RNA .
• The viruses enter the bloodstream, where they cause fever and severe muscle, bone, and joint pains, leading to breakbone fever.
• Successive exposures to the virus may result in dengue hemorrhagic fever, in which extensive hemorrhaging occurs in the blood-rich organs ; e.g. GIT, skin, gums & liver.
3. Yellow fever.
• Yellow fever is a viral disease of the bloodstream transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti.
• The virus is an RNA-containing particle that is icosahedral.
• After injection by the mosquito, the virus spreads to the lymph nodes and blood, where it persists in the blood-rich organs such as the liver. Very high fever, nausea, and jaundice accompany the disease. Two vaccines are available for preventing yellow fever.
•4. 4. Infectious mononucleosis.
The virus of infectious mononucleosis is related to a type of tumor of the jaw tissues known as Burkitt's lymphoma.
• Most often seen in Africa, the condition is related to mononucleosis because of its etiologic agent.
• The Epstein-Barr virus is also related to cases of Epstein-Barr virus disease, known on occasion as chronic fatigue syndrome.
• Most often seen in Africa, the condition is related to mononucleosis because of its etiologic agent.
• The Epstein-Barr virus is also related to cases of Epstein-Barr virus disease, known on occasion as chronic fatigue syndrome.
• Epstein-Barr virus (EB virus)is implicated in Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal cancer as the virus infect human lymphoid cells.
• A precondition for Burkitt’s lymphoma might be infection by malaria or other tropical diseases.
• Viral hemorrhagic fever is a disease caused by viruses that live, for the most part, in rodents (e.g., rats and mice) and arthropods (e.g., mosquitoes and ticks).
• There are four distinct viruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers: arenaviruses, filoviruses, bunyaviruses, and flavi viruses.
• viral hemorrhagic fever, generally occurs in people living in or visiting areas with infected rodents or arthropods.
•Viral hemorrhagic fevers are more common in Africa; however, infected rodents and arthropods carry some of the viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fevers in many parts of the world, including North and South America, Europe and Asia.
• Viral hemorrhagic fevers include: Lassa fever, Marburg virus fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever & Ebola hemorrhagic fever.
• Viral hemorrhagic fevers include: Lassa fever, Marburg virus fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever & Ebola hemorrhagic fever.
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Most people get viral hemorrhagic fever through exposure to an infected rodent or arthropod.
• Viruses associated with arthropods are spread when a mosquito or tick bites a human.
• Viruses associated with rodents are spread through direct contact with rodent urine or feces; they are also spread when people breathe in particles from rodent urine or feces that have gotten into the air (e.g., from sweeping dirt containing dried urine or feces).
• Patients with severe cases of viral hemorrhagic fever often bleed under the skin, in internal organs or from body openings.
• Patients may also have shock, problems with the nervous system, coma, and seizures.
Most people get viral hemorrhagic fever through exposure to an infected rodent or arthropod.
• Viruses associated with arthropods are spread when a mosquito or tick bites a human.
• Viruses associated with rodents are spread through direct contact with rodent urine or feces; they are also spread when people breathe in particles from rodent urine or feces that have gotten into the air (e.g., from sweeping dirt containing dried urine or feces).
•Spread of viral hemorrhagic fever has also occurred when humans handle an infected animal.
• Some viral hemorrhagic fevers are spread from person-to-person through close contact with body fluids (e.g., saliva, blood, urine, semen).
• Some viral hemorrhagic fevers are spread from person-to-person through close contact with body fluids (e.g., saliva, blood, urine, semen).
Specific symptoms vary by type of viral hemorrhagic fever, but initial symptoms often include: fever, fatigue, dizziness, muscle aches, loss of strength and exhaustion.
• Patients with severe cases of viral hemorrhagic fever often bleed under the skin, in internal organs or from body openings.
• Patients may also have shock, problems with the nervous system, coma, and seizures.
•Patients receive supportive care for relief of symptoms.
•Certain antiviral medications have been effective in treating some patients with certain types of viral hemorrhagic fever (e.g., arenaviruses and bunyaviruses).
•No vaccines exist for viral hemorrhagic fevers, except for yellow fever.
•Yellow fever vaccine is recommended only for individuals traveling to areas such as tropical South America and sub-Saharan Africa.
•Certain antiviral medications have been effective in treating some patients with certain types of viral hemorrhagic fever (e.g., arenaviruses and bunyaviruses).
•No vaccines exist for viral hemorrhagic fevers, except for yellow fever.
•Yellow fever vaccine is recommended only for individuals traveling to areas such as tropical South America and sub-Saharan Africa.
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